Governing Climate Change at the G20 Rome and UN Glasgow Summits and Beyond

How and why does the Group of 20 (G20) work, both alone together with United Nations (UN), to advance effective global governance climate change, especially in 2021 beyond? G20 summit performance on change has increased since 2008 as measured by six major dimensions governance, but not results net emissions reduced. efforts spur at subsequent UN summits varied, from substantial Pittsburgh for Copenhagen 2009, limited Antalya Paris 2015, strong Rome Glasgow 2021. have been spurred physical shockactivated vulnerabilities experienced members lead-up summits, escalating extreme weather events, constrained diversionary shocks finance 2008–09, terrorism migration COVID-19 2020–21. Also important were personal commitments of, domestic political support within, hosts, regarding uniquely chaired 7 (G7) Italy Kingdom Yet, unprecedented combined G20-UN supply fell even further behind proliferating demand control change. To close gap, should invite heads multilateral environmental organizations participate hold more environment ministers’ meetings each year, mount an annual climate-focused General Assembly.